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Main Contents Page
About Information Literacy
STEP 1: STARTING out
STEP 2: FINDING
STEP 3: EVALUATE
- Fact vs opinion
- Currency
- Authority
- Intended audience
- Publishing body
- Popular vs academic
- Primary & secondary info
- Critical reading
- Eliminate irrelevant info
- CARS checklist
- Quiz
STEP 4: Legal & ethical USE
STEP 5: COMMUNICATE
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CARS Checklist
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Credibility |
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If
a source is credible, it is: trustworthy, has the
author's credentials, there is evidence of quality
control, it is a known or respected authority, it
has organizational
support.
Goal: An authoritative source, a source that supplies
some good evidence that allows you to trust it.
Some questions to ask to check credibility:
- Is there sufficient evidence presented to make the
argument persuasive?
- Are there compelling arguments and reasons given?
- Are there enough details for a reasonable conclusion
about the information?
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Accuracy |
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If
a source is accurate, it is: up to date, factual,
detailed,
exact, comprehensive, and its audience and purpose
reflects intentions of completeness and accuracy.
Goal: A source that is correct today (not yesterday),
a source that gives the whole truth.
Some indicators that may mean the source is inaccurate:
- No date on the document.
- Assertions that are vague or otherwise lacking detail.
- Sweeping rather than qualified language (using words
such as always, never, every, etc.)
- An old date on information known to change rapidly.
- A very one-sided view that does not acknowledge opposing
views or respond to them.
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Reasonableness |
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If
a source is reasonable, it is: fair, balanced, objective,
reasoned, no conflict of interest, there is an absence
of fallacies or slanted tone.
Goal: A source that engages the subject thoughtfully
and reasonably, concerned with the truth.
Some clues to indicate a lack of reasonableness:
- Tone of language ("stupid jerks").
- Overclaims ("Thousands of children are murdered
every day in South Africa.")
- Statements of excessive significance ("This is
the most important idea ever")
- Conflict of interest ("Welcome to the Tobacco
Company Home Page. To read our report, "Cigarettes
Make You Live Longer." click here.) |
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Support |
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If
a source is valid, it will have: listed sources,
contact
information, available corroboration, its claims supported,
documentation supplied.
Goal: A source that provides convincing evidence
for the claims made, a source you can triangulate (find
at least two other sources that support it).
Some source considerations include these:
- Where did this information come from?
- What sources did the information creator use?
- Are the sources listed?
- Is there a bibliography or other documentation attached?
- Does the author provide contact information?
- What kind of support for the information is given?
- How does the writer know this?
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(Source adapted: McGraw-Hill
Higher Education)
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