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Evaluating Information
   
 

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About Information Literacy

STEP 1: STARTING out

STEP 2: FINDING

STEP 3: EVALUATE

- Fact vs opinion

- Currency

- Authority

- Intended audience

- Publishing body

- Popular vs academic

- Primary & secondary info

- Critical reading

- Eliminate irrelevant info

- CARS checklist

- Quiz

STEP 4: Legal & ethical USE

STEP 5: COMMUNICATE


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CARS Checklist

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  Credibility   If a source is credible, it is: trustworthy, has the author's credentials, there is evidence of quality control, it is a known or respected authority, it has organizational support.

Goal
: An authoritative source, a source that supplies some good evidence that allows you to trust it.

Some questions to ask to check credibility:
- Is there sufficient evidence presented to make the argument persuasive?
- Are there compelling arguments and reasons given?
- Are there enough details for a reasonable conclusion about the information?
 
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  Accuracy   If a source is accurate, it is: up to date, factual, detailed, exact, comprehensive, and its audience and purpose reflects intentions of completeness and accuracy.

Goal
: A source that is correct today (not yesterday), a source that gives the whole truth.

Some indicators that may mean the source is inaccurate:
- No date on the document.
- Assertions that are vague or otherwise lacking detail.
- Sweeping rather than qualified language (using words such as always, never, every, etc.)
- An old date on information known to change rapidly.
- A very one-sided view that does not acknowledge opposing views or respond to them.
 
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  Reasonableness   If a source is reasonable, it is: fair, balanced, objective, reasoned, no conflict of interest, there is an absence of fallacies or slanted tone.

Goal
: A source that engages the subject thoughtfully and reasonably, concerned with the truth.

Some clues to indicate a lack of reasonableness:
- Tone of language ("stupid jerks").
- Overclaims ("Thousands of children are murdered every day in South Africa.")
- Statements of excessive significance ("This is the most important idea ever")
- Conflict of interest ("Welcome to the Tobacco Company Home Page. To read our report, "Cigarettes Make You Live Longer." click here.)
 
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t Support t If a source is valid, it will have: listed sources, contact information, available corroboration, its claims supported, documentation supplied.

Goal
: A source that provides convincing evidence for the claims made, a source you can triangulate (find at least two other sources that support it).

Some source considerations include these:
- Where did this information come from?
- What sources did the information creator use?
- Are the sources listed?
- Is there a bibliography or other documentation attached?
- Does the author provide contact information?
- What kind of support for the information is given?
- How does the writer know this?
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(Source adapted: McGraw-Hill Higher Education)